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 Chloroxylenol Brand name:- Dettol,Dettolin 1% with menthol 0.45% It has a phenol coefficient of 70; does not cosgulate proteins,is noncorrosive, nonirritating  to intact skin, but efficacy is reduced by oraganic matter. It is poorly water soluble; the commercial 4.8% solution (Dettol) is prepared in 9% terpinol and 13% alcohol. Pharmacodynamic:- Chloroxylenol is a substituted phenol which has been widely used for many years as an ingredient of antiseptic and disinfectant products intended for external use . It is known to be bactericidal in low concentration to a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria . Mechanics of action:-  As a phenol antiseptic, it is believed that the hydroxyl -OH groups of the chloroxylenol molecule binds to certain proteins on the cell membrane of bacteria, and disrupts the membrane so as to allow the contents of the bacterial cell to leak out 1. This allows chloroxylenol to enter the bacterial cell to bind further with more protei...

 Chlorpheniramine Brand name:- Piriton,cadistin 4mg tab. Chlorpheniramine Maleate is an antiallergic medication. When your body is exposed to an allergen (pollen, animal dander, house dust etc.), it produces a chemical called histamine. This causes watery eyes, runny or blocked nose, sneezing, skin rashes, itching etc. Chlorpheniramine Maleate works by blocking the action of histamine, thereby relieving these symptoms. Pharmacodynamic:-  In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachyca...

 Chlorpromazine Brand name:-  chlorpromazine,largactil 10,25,50,100mgtab.  Chlorpromazine is a medication used to manage and treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and acute psychosis. It is a member of the typical antipsychotics or neuroleptic medication category, also known as first-generation antipsychotics.  Pharmacodynamic:-  Chlorpromazine is a psychotropic agent indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. It also exerts sedative and antiemetic activity. Chlorpromazine has actions at all levels of the central nervous system-primarily at subcortical levels-as well as on multiple organ systems. Chlorpromazine has strong antiadrenergic and weaker peripheral anticholinergic activity; ganglionic blocking action is relatively slight. It also possesses slight antihistaminic and antiserotonin activity.  mechanics of action:-  Chlorpromazine is a member of the typical antipsychotic or neuroleptic drug class, also known as first-generation antipsychotics...

 Cholera vaccine Brand name:- Dukoral,ShanChol .  Cholera Vaccine (Inactivated) is an inactivated vaccine (made from a dead bacteria). It helps develop immunity by forming antibodies, which are proteins that protect against infection caused by cholera bacteria.  Pharmacodynamic:-  It is a suspension of phenol/formation killed inaba and ogawa strains of V. Cholera,each ml containing 8× 10⁹ organisms in 5,10,30 ml vials.  Immunity, sufficient to prevent clinical disease, is produced only in 50% of those innoculated , and lasts 6 months or so —sufficient to tide over an epidemic. Cholera innoculation during congregation (melas) has not reduced the incidence of the disease ( because it takes 2-3 weeks for immunity to develop): this practice has been discontinued. It also does not prevent carrier state. Transient local soreness,low grade fever,ashes and pains lasting 1-2days are common. Neurological complication are rare. mechanics of action:- It' s contains a live a...

 Ciprofloxacin Brand name:- Cifran , ciplox, ciprobid , ciprolet 250,500,750mg tab, 200mg/100ml i.v infusion, 3mg / ml eye drops. Ciprofloxacin  is a second generation fluoroquinolone used to treat various susceptible bacterial infections. Pharmacodynamic :-  Ciprofloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone that is active against many Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. It produces its action through inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Ciprofloxacin binds to bacterial DNA gyrase with 100 times the affinity of mammalian DNA gyrase.There is no cross resistance between fluoroquinolones and other classes of antibiotics, so it may be of clinical value when other antibiotics are no longer effective. Ciprofloxain and its derivatives are also being investigated for its action against malaria, cancers, and AIDS. Pharmacokinetics:-  Ciprofloxacin is rapidly absorbed orally,but food delays absorption,and first pass metabolism occurs. Ciprofloxacin...

 CISPLATIN BRAND NAME:- PLATINEX 10MG/10ml ,50mg/50ml vial., CISPLATIN, Cisplat . Cisplatin  is a platinum based chemotherapy agent used to treat various sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors. Pharmacodynamic:-  Cisplatin is an antineoplastic in the class of alkylating agents and is used to treat various forms of cancer. Alkylating agents are so named because of their ability to add alkyl groups to many electronegative groups under conditions present in cells. They stop tumor growth by cross-linking guanine bases in DNA double-helix strands - directly attacking DNA. This makes the strands unable to uncoil and separate. As this is necessary in DNA replication, the cells can no longer divide. In addition, these drugs add methyl or other alkyl groups onto molecules where they do not belong which in turn inhibits their correct utilization by base pairing and causes a miscoding of DNA. Alkylating agents are cell cycle-nonspecific. Alkylating agents work by thre...

 CLARITHROMYCIN  BRAND NAME :- CLARIBID ,CLAIMAC, SYNCLAR  ClARITHROMYCIN is an antibiotic. It works by preventing synthesis of essential proteins required by bacteria to carry out vital functions. Thus, it stops the bacteria from growing, and prevents the infection from spreading. Pharmacodyanimcs:-  Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic whose spectrum of activity includes many gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, and S. pyogenes ) and gram-negative aerobic bacteria ( Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis ), many anaerobic bacteria, some mycobacteria, and some other organisms including  Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Chlamydia, Toxoplasma , and  Borrelia . Other aerobic bacteria that clarithromycin has activity against include  C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae . Clarithromycin has an in-vitro activity that is similar or greater than that of erythromycin against erythromycin-susceptible organisms. Clarithromyc...

 CLINDAMYCIN  BRAND NAME :- Dalcap 150mg cap; clincin 150,300mg cap; Falcon, dalcinex150,300mg cap, 300mg/2ml and 600mg ,acnesol, clindac-a 1% topical solution and gel.  CLINDAMYCIN is an antibiotic. It works by preventing synthesis of essential proteins required by bacteria to carry out vital functions. Thus, it stops the bacteria from growing, and prevents the infection from spreading.  Pharmacodyanimcs :-  Clindamycin exerts its bacteriostatic effect via inhibition of microbial protein synthesis. Clindamycin has a relatively short T max  and half-life necessitating administration every six hours to ensure adequate antibiotic concentrations. Clostridium difficile  associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been observed in patients using clindamycin, ranging in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis and occasionally occurring over two months following cessation of antibiotic therapy. Overgrowth of  C. difficile  resulting from antibioti...

 CLOFAZIMINE (Clos)  BRAND NAME:- CLOFOZINE, HANSEPRAN 50mg , 100mg cap.  ClOFAZIMINE is used together with other medicines to treat a form of leprosy (also known as Hansen's disease), called lepromatous leprosy, including dapsone-resistant lepromatous leprosy, and lepromatous leprosy complicated by erythema nodosum leprosum. PHARMACODYANIMCS :- Clofazimine exerts a slow bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen's bacillus) due primarily to its action on the bacterial outer membrane, though there is some evidence that activity on the bacterial respiratory chain and ion transporters may play a role. It also exerts anti-inflammatory properties due to the suppression of T-lymphocyte activity. Clofazimine has a relatively long duration of action owing to its long residence time in the body, but is still administered daily. Approximately 75-100% of patients receiving clofazimine will experience an orange-pink to brownish-black discoloration of the skin, conjunctivae,...

 CLOMIPHENE CITRATE BRAND NAME:- CLOMIPHENE, FERTOMED, CLOFERT, CLOME 25,50,100mg tab.  Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which treats female infertility. It works by promoting the release of reproductive hormones. This helps stimulate the release of eggs from the ovary (ovulation). PHARMACODYANIMCS:- Clomifene (previously clomiphene) is an orally administered, non steroidal, ovulatory stimulant that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Clomifene can lead to multiple ovulation, and hence increase the risk of conceiving twins. In comparison to purified FSH, the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is low. There may be an increased risk of ovarian cancer and weight gain. Clomifene is capable of interacting with estrogen-receptor-containing tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, endometrium, vagina, and cervix. It may compete with estrogen for estrogen-receptor-binding sites and may delay replenishment of intracel...

 CLOPIDOGREL BRAND NAME:- CLODREL, CLOPILET, DEPLATT 75mg tab.  CLOPIDOGREL  is an antiplatelet medicine or a blood thinner that helps to prevent the formation of harmful blood clots in your blood vessels. This helps to lower the chances of you getting a heart attack or stroke. It is a widely used medicine for heart protection. PHARMACODYANIMCS:- Clopidogrel is a prodrug of a platelet inhibitor used to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. It has a long duration of action as it is taken once daily and a large therapeutic window as it is given in doses of 75-300mg daily.  MECHANISM OF ACTION:- Clopidogrel is metabolized to its active form by carboxylesterase-1.The active form is a platelet inhibitor that irreversibly binds to P2Y12 ADP receptors on platelets. This binding prevents ADP binding to P2Y12 receptors, activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, and platelet aggregation.  USED:-  Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks an...