CLINDAMYCIN Uses, Side Effects, and More

 CLINDAMYCIN 

BRAND NAME :- Dalcap 150mg cap; clincin 150,300mg cap; Falcon, dalcinex150,300mg cap, 300mg/2ml and 600mg ,acnesol, clindac-a 1% topical solution and gel. 

CLINDAMYCIN is an antibiotic. It works by preventing synthesis of essential proteins required by bacteria to carry out vital functions. Thus, it stops the bacteria from growing, and prevents the infection from spreading. 

Pharmacodyanimcs :- 

Clindamycin exerts its bacteriostatic effect via inhibition of microbial protein synthesis. Clindamycin has a relatively short Tmax and half-life necessitating administration every six hours to ensure adequate antibiotic concentrations.

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been observed in patients using clindamycin, ranging in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis and occasionally occurring over two months following cessation of antibiotic therapy. Overgrowth of C. difficile resulting from antibiotic use, along with its production of A and B toxins, contributes to morbidity and mortality in these patients. Because of the associated risks, clindamycin should be reserved for serious infections for which the use of less toxic antimicrobial agents are inappropriate.

Clindamycin is active against a number of gram-positive aerobic bacteria, as well as both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes. Resistance to clindamycin may develop, and is generally the result of base modification within the 23S ribosomal RNA. Cross-resistance between clindamycin and lincomycin is complete, and may also occur between clindamycin and macrolide antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin) due to similarities in their binding sites.

As antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are geographically distinct, local antibiograms should be consulted to ensure adequate coverage of relevant pathogens prior to use.

mechanism of action :-

Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 23S RNA of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. It impedes both the assembly of the ribosome and the translation process. The molecular mechanism through which this occurs is thought to be due to clindamycin's three-dimensional structure, which closely resembles the 3'-ends of L-Pro-Met-tRNA and deacylated-tRNA during the peptide elongation cycle - in acting as a structural analog of these tRNA molecules, clindamycin impairs peptide chain initiation and may stimulate dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from bacterial ribosomes.

The mechanism through which topical clindamycin treats acne vulgaris is unclear, but may be related to its activity against Propionibacterium acnes, a bacteria that has been associated with acne.

 use:- 

Clindamycin is used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is used in infections of the skin such as acne (Pimples), abdomen, bone, skin, heart and soft tissues. It also used in post-operative infections.

Side effects :- 

Abnormal liver function tests, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Pseudomembranous colitis, Maculopapular rash, Injection site irritation, Thrombophlebitis.

Dose :-

150-300mg (children 3-6mg/kg) QID oral; 200-600mg I. V. 8hourly. As directed by ur Doctor.