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 Chlorthalidone  Brand name:- Hythalton 50,100mg , Hydrazide, Thalizide ( 12.5, 25) . Chlorthalidone is a diuretic which lowers blood pressure by removing extra water and certain electrolytes from the body. Over time it also relaxes blood vessels and improves blood flow. Pharmacodynamic:- Not 🚫 available.  Pharmacokinetics:- Chlortalidone is slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral ingestion. It has a long half-life and therefore a prolonged diuretic action, which results in continued diuretic effects despite a skipped dose. This prolonged action of chlortalidone despite missing doses may account for the higher efficacy of chlortalidone compared to the shorter half-life medication, hydrochlorothiazide. Chlortalidone is eliminated from the body mostly by the kidney, as unchanged drug. Thus, in persons with diminished kidney function, the clearance of chlortalidone is reduced and the elimination half-life is increased. As with other thiazide diuretics, ch...

 CO TRIMOXAZOLE Brand name:- SEPTRAN, SEEMAX, BACTRIM, CIPLIN, ORIPRIM, SUPRISTOL, FORTRIM  CO TRIMOXAZOLEDS 800mg/160mg Tablet is a combination medicine that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, infections of the urinary tract, ear, and abdomen. It prevents the growth of microorganisms to cure the infection. PHARMACODYANIMCS:- Co-trimoxazole is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and is in a class of medications called sulfonamides. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics will not kill viruses that can cause colds, flu, or other viral infections.  Mechanism of action:-  •Sulfamethoxazole -> inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid •Trimethoprim -> blocks production of tetrahydrofolic acid -> blocks two consecutive steps in the biosythesis of nucleic acids and proteins essential to bacteria. used:-  Use as treatment of systemic bactrerial infection:-  • Urinar...

 BENZTHIAZIDE BRAND NAME:-  Aquatag, Dihydrex, Diucen, Edemax, Exna, Foven. BENZTHIAZIDE is a diuretic medicine, used alone or in combination with other medicines to treat high blood pressure and edema (swelling). It should be used with caution in patients with severe kidney disease. Frequent monitoring of blood pressure and electrolytes level is necessary while taking this medicine.  PHARMACODYNAMIC:-  BENZTHIAZIDE promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conduct...