CISPLATIN Uses, Side Effects, and More

 CISPLATIN

BRAND NAME:- PLATINEX 10MG/10ml ,50mg/50ml vial., CISPLATIN, Cisplat .

Cisplatin is a platinum based chemotherapy agent used to treat various sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors.

Pharmacodynamic:- 

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic in the class of alkylating agents and is used to treat various forms of cancer. Alkylating agents are so named because of their ability to add alkyl groups to many electronegative groups under conditions present in cells. They stop tumor growth by cross-linking guanine bases in DNA double-helix strands - directly attacking DNA. This makes the strands unable to uncoil and separate. As this is necessary in DNA replication, the cells can no longer divide. In addition, these drugs add methyl or other alkyl groups onto molecules where they do not belong which in turn inhibits their correct utilization by base pairing and causes a miscoding of DNA. Alkylating agents are cell cycle-nonspecific. Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms all of which achieve the same end result - disruption of DNA function and cell death.

Mechanism of action:- 

Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases, resulting in the DNA being fragmented by repair enzymes in their attempts to replace the alkylated bases, preventing DNA synthesis and RNA transcription from the affected DNA, 2) DNA damage via the formation of cross-links (bonds between atoms in the DNA) which prevents DNA from being separated for synthesis or transcription, and 3) the induction of mispairing of the nucleotides leading to mutations.

TARGET	ACTIONS	ORGANISM
ADNA	cross-linking/alkylation	Humans
UDNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase	Not Available	Humans
UAlpha-2-macroglobulin	Not Available	Humans
USerotransferrin	Not Available	Humans
UCopper transport protein ATOX1	Not Available	Humans

used:- 

curing testicular cancer. It is also used in the treatment of a wide range of other cancers, including lung, bladder, cervical, and ovarian cancers. 

side effects:- 

Mild nausea.

Vomiting.

Diarrhea.

Temporary hair loss.

Loss in the ability to taste food.

Hiccups.

Dry mouth.

Dark urine.

Dose:-  Cisplatin is administered by slow i.v. infusion 50-100mg/m2 BSA every 3-4 week ;