Skip to main content

Colidine used, Side effects, Dose & more...

 Colidine 

Brand name:- Catapres 150ug , Arkamine 100ug tab.

Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist. It works by relaxing blood vessels which makes the heart more efficient at pumping blood around the body.

Pharmacodynamic:- 


Clonidine functions through agonism of alpha-2 adrenoceptors which have effects such as lowering blood pressure, sedation, and hyperpolarization of nerves. It has a long duration of action as it is given twice daily and the therapeutic window is between 0.1mg and 2.4mg daily.

Pharmacokinetics:- 

Colidine is well absorbed orally; peak occurs in 2-4 hours; ½ to⅔ of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in urine, the rest as metabolites. Plasma t½ is 8-12 hours . Effects of a single dose lasts for 6-24 hours . 

Mechanism of action:-

Clonidine is primarily an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist which causes central hypotensive and anti -arrhythmogenic effects. The alpha-2 adrenoceptor is coupled to the G-proteins Go and Gi. Gi inhibits adenylyl cyclase and activates opening of a potassium channel that causes hyperpolarization.Clonidine binding to the alpha-2 adrenoceptor causes structural changes in the alpha subunit of the G-protein, reducing its affinity for GDP.Magnesium catalyzes the replacement of GDP with GTP. The alpha subunit dissociates from the other subunits and associates with an effector.

The stimulation of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus may be responsible for the hypnotic effects of clonidine as this region of the brain helps regulate wakefulness. Clonidine can also decrease transmission of pain signals at the spine.Finally clonidine can affect regulators of blood pressure in the ventromedial and rostral-ventrolateral areas of the medulla.

 Used:- 

Clonidine is used in the treatment of Hypertension (high blood pressure). It can also be used to prevent migraine attacks and hot flushes that may occur in women during the menopause.

Side effects:- 

Dizziness, Dryness in mouth, Headache, Nausea, Fatigue, Orthostatic hypotension (sudden lowering of blood pressure on standing), Erectile dysfunction, Enlarged salivary gland.

Dose:-  Strat with 100 ug OD or BD , Max . 300ug TDS , orally. As directed by your doctor.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

BOTULINUM TOXIN Uses, Side Effects, and More

 BOTULINUM TOXIN ( A or B ) BRAND NAME:- BOTOX ,DYSPORT  BOTULINUM TOXIN  A and B are highly potent exotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum that are responsible for ' botulism' ( a type of food poisoning). These neurotoxic proteins cause long- lasting loss of cholinergic transmission by interacting with axonal proteins involved in exocytotic release of Ach. Localized injection of minute quantity of botulinum toxin.  PHARMACODYNAMIC :- Botulinum toxin A inhibits the release of acetylcholine, relieving muscle contraction and spasm associated with many conditions, such as incontinence and dystonia. Cosmetically, botulinum toxin A paralyses muscles in the face to temporarily treat wrinkles. The maximum effects of muscle paralysis occur four to seven days after a dose.When injected at therapeutic doses, botulinum toxin A causes partial chemical denervation of muscle tissue, causing local reduction of muscle activity. Muscle atrophy may result, axonal sprouting may beg...

Clonazepam used, Side effects, Dose, & more

Clonazepam  Brand name:- Lonazepam , Clonapax , Rivotril 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg tab. Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine. It works by increasing the action of a chemical messenger (GABA) which suppresses the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain. Pharmacodynamic:- The pharmacodynamic properties of clonazepam are common among benzodiazepines and include anticonvulsive, sedative, muscle relaxing and anxiolytic effects . Animal data and electroencephalographic investigations in man have shown that clonazepam rapidly suppresses many types of paroxysmal activity including the spike and wave discharge in absence seizures (petit mal), slow spike wave, generalized spike wave, spikes with temporal or other locations, as well as irregular spikes and waves Label . Moreover, the agent can also decrease the frequency, amplitude, duration, and spread of discharge in minor motor seizures Label . Generalized EEG abnormalities are more readily suppressed by clonazepam than are focal ...

CLOMIPHENE CITRATE Uses, Side Effects, and More

 CLOMIPHENE CITRATE BRAND NAME:- CLOMIPHENE, FERTOMED, CLOFERT, CLOME 25,50,100mg tab.  Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which treats female infertility. It works by promoting the release of reproductive hormones. This helps stimulate the release of eggs from the ovary (ovulation). PHARMACODYANIMCS:- Clomifene (previously clomiphene) is an orally administered, non steroidal, ovulatory stimulant that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Clomifene can lead to multiple ovulation, and hence increase the risk of conceiving twins. In comparison to purified FSH, the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is low. There may be an increased risk of ovarian cancer and weight gain. Clomifene is capable of interacting with estrogen-receptor-containing tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, endometrium, vagina, and cervix. It may compete with estrogen for estrogen-receptor-binding sites and may delay replenishment of intracel...