CYCLIZINE Uses, Side Effects, and More

CYCLIZINE

Brand name:- Not available,

CYCLIZINE is an antihistamine and antiemetic drug used for the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness, and vertigo.

PHARMACODYANAMICS:-

Cyclizine is a piperazine-derivative antihistamine used as an antivertigo/antiemetic agent. Cyclizine is used in the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. Additionally, it has been used in the management of vertigo in diseases affecting the vestibular apparatus. Although the mechanism by which cyclizine exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects has not been fully elucidated, its central anticholinergic properties are partially responsible. The drug depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affect the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. It also possesses anticholinergic, antihistaminic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects.

MECHANISM OF ACTION:-

Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant or otherwise harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis or vomiting is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesses neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness principally involves overstimulation of these pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of cyclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reduce activity along these pathways. Furthermore since cyclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked.

USED:-

treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness, and vertigo (dizziness caused by other medical problems).

SIDE EFFECTS:-

dry mouth, nose and throat, blurred vision, tachycardia and urinary retention.

DOSE:-

As Directed by your Doctor.

Calcium Uses, Side Effects, and More

Calcium Brand name:- calcinol, cipcal ,M ilical, Calcium sandoze, Shelcal , Macalvit . Calcium is a mineral found in over-the-counter supplements or prescription formulations used for the treatment of specific medical conditions related to calcium deficiency. PREPARATION:- 1. Calcium carbonate (40% Ca) : It is an insoluble, tasteless and nonirritating salt. Reacts with gastric HCL to form cholride, and can be used as antacid. It is the most common salt present in calcium supplements, but gastric acid is required for converting it into the absorbable form . Calcium availability from it is poor in patients taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) ,H² blocker, and in elderly. 2. Calcium citrate ( as tetrahydrate , 21% Ca²+ ) : Slightly soluble in water, but dissolve well in presence of HCL . It is nonirritating and is used in supplements; absorption in patients taking PPIs/H² blocker and elderly is satisfactory. 3. Calcium gluconate (9% Ca) : is availa...

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