webmedi.blogspot.com

 Chlordiazepoxide Brand name:- Librium 10, 25 mg tabs; Equilibrium 10mg tab. Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine. It works by increasing the action of a chemical messenger (GABA) which suppresses the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain. Pharmacodynamic:-  Chlordiazepoxide has antianxiety, sedative, appetite-stimulating and weak analgesic actions. The drug seems to block EEG arousal from stimulation in the brain stem reticular formation. The drug has been studied extensively in many species of animals and these studies are suggestive of action on the limbic system of the brain, which recent evidence indicates is involved in emotional responses. Hostile monkeys were made tame by oral drug doses which did not cause sedation. Chlordiazepoxide revealed a "taming" action with the elimination of fear and aggression. The taming effect of chlordiazepoxide was further demonstrated in rats made vicious by lesions in the septal area of the brain. The drug dos...

 Chlophedianol Brand name:- DETIGON , TUSSIGON 20mg/5ml  Clofedanol is an antitussive used for the symptomatic relief of acute cough caused by minor throat and bronchial irritation. Pharmacodynamic:- Chlophedianol (or Clofedanol) is a centrally-acting cough suppressant. It has local anesthetic and antihistamine properties, and may have anticholinergic effects at high doses.  Mechanism of action:-  Chlophedianol (or Clofedanol) is a centrally-acting cough suppressant. It has local anesthetic and antihistamine properties, and may have anticholinergic effects at high doses. Suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough center in the medulla of the brain. Used:-  Used to relieve dry, irritating coughs. This medicine should not be used when there is mucus or phlegm (pronounced flem) with the cough. side effects:- Blurred vision,Drowsiness or dizziness,Dryness of the mouth,Nausea or vomiting.  Dose:-  20-40mg, AS directed by your doctor 

 Chenodeoxycholic acid ( chenodiol ) Brand name:- Chenodal Chenodeoxycholic acid (or Chenodiol) is an epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid (DB01586). Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid naturally found in the body. It works by dissolving the cholesterol that makes gallstones and inhibiting production of cholesterol in the liver and absorption in the intestines, which helps to decrease the formation of gallstones. It can also reduce the amount of other bile acids that can be harmful to liver cells when levels are elevated. Pharmacodynamic:-  It acts by reducing levels of cholesterol in the bile, helping gallstones that are made predominantly of cholesterol to dissolve. Chenodeoxycholic acid is ineffective with stones of a high calcium or bile acid content. Mechanism of action:-  Chenodiol suppresses hepatic synthesis of both cholesterol and cholic acid, gradually replacing the latter and its metabolite, deoxycholic acid in an expanded bile acid pool. These actions contribute to...

 Cetuximab Brand name:- Erbitux , Lupitux  Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to receptors on cancer cells. Thus it flags the cancer cells for destruction by the body's immune system. Pharmacodynamic:- Cetuximab is an anticancer agent that works by inhibiting the growth and survival of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing tumour cells with high specificity and higher affinity than epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), which are natural ligands of EGFR. Cetuximab works by inhibiting the growth and survival of EGFR-positive tumours. In vitro, it promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against certain human tumour types. On the contrary, cetuximab does not exert its anti-tumour effects on human tumour xenografts lacking EGFR expression. Cetuximab potentiates the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy when used in combination. In human tumour xenograft models in mice,...

 Centchroman ( Ormeloxifene) Brand name:- Centron 30mg tab, Saheli 60mg tab. Centchroman is a birth control pill. It acts by preventing the implantation of the fertilized ovum to the womb (uterus). Pharmacodynamic:- Centchroman (Ormeloxifene) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) with contraceptive activity. Also, it has been suggested that it may be beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer, osteoporosis, dermatitis, restenosis, endometriosis and uterine fibroids.  Pharmacology:- Centchroman ( ormeloxifene) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). In some parts of the body, its action is estrogenic (e.g., bones), in other parts of the body, its action is antiestrogenic (e.g., uterus, breasts). It causes an asynchrony in the menstrual cycle between ovulation and the development of the uterine lining, although its exact mode of action is not well defined. In clinical trials, it caused ovulation to occur later than it normally would in some women, but d...

 Celiprolol Brand name:- Celipres 100, 200mg tab. Celiprolol is a beta blocker that works specifically on the heart. It works by slowing down the heart rate and makes the heart more efficient at pumping blood around the body. Pharmacodynamic:-  In animals, the β-adrenoceptor blocking activity of celiprolol is more potent than that of sotalol and practolol, and about equipotent with that of propranolol but in man it is about 4 times less potent than atenolol. However, dose-ranging studies employing a range of doses in the same subjects have not been reported and it is possible that celiprolol’s potency has been underestimated. β-Blockade following a single oral dose of 400mg in man can be detected at 24 hours and once-daily dosing is effective in hypertension and angina. Using the standard animal models celiprolol is more selective for the β1- than the β2-adrenoceptor, and in patients with angina the reduction in blood pressure following exercise was larger after treatment with...

 Celecoxib  Brand name:- Celact, Revibra , Colcibra 100, 200mg caps Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) called COX-2 inhibitors. It works by blocking the release of certain chemical messengers that are responsible for pain and inflammation (redness and swelling). Pharmacodynamic:-  Celecoxib inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme, reducing pain and inflammation. It is important to note that though the risk of bleeding with celecoxib is lower than with certain other NSAIDS, it exists nonetheless and caution must be observed when it is administered to those with a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. A note on the risk of cardiovascular events Significant concerns regarding the safety of COX-2 selective NSAIDs emerged in the early 2000s. Rofecoxib, another member of the COX-2 inhibitor drug class, also known as Vioxx, was withdrawn from the market due to prothrombotic cardiovascular risks.Following an FDA Advisory Committee meeting in 2005, in w...