Skip to main content

BENZTHIAZIDE Uses, Side Effects, and More

 BENZTHIAZIDE


BRAND NAME:-  Aquatag, Dihydrex, Diucen, Edemax, Exna, Foven.


BENZTHIAZIDE is a diuretic medicine, used alone or in combination with other medicines to treat high blood pressure and edema (swelling). It should be used with caution in patients with severe kidney disease. Frequent monitoring of blood pressure and electrolytes level is necessary while taking this medicine. 


PHARMACODYNAMIC:- 

BENZTHIAZIDE promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. 


MECHANISM OF ACTION:-

As a diuretic, benzthiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like benzthiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of benzthiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. 


 USED:- 

Used to treat hypertension and edema.


SIDE EFFECTS:- 

Common gastrointestinal problems include gastric irritation, vomiting, cramping, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, and constipation. Thiazide diuretics have been associated with acute cholecystitis, intrahepatic cholestasis with jaundice and rare cases of pancreatitis. 


DOSE :-  DIRECTION BY PHYSICIAN.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Cefpodoxime proxetil Uses, Side Effects, and More

 Cefpodoxime proxetil Brand name:- cefoprox ,cepodem,DOXCEF 100,200mg cap.  Cefpodoxime Proxetil is an antibiotic. It kills the bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive. Pharmacodynamic:-  Cefpodoxime is shown to be effective against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Mechanism of action:-  Cefpodoxime is active against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefpodoxime is stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, due to their production of beta-lactamase, may be susceptible to cefpodoxime. Cefpodoxime is inactivated by certain extended spectrum beta-lactamases. The bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime results from its inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The active metabolite of cefpodoxime binds preferentially to penicilli
Post a Comment
Read more

Cephalexin ( ZYD ) ( Cefalexin ) Uses, Side Effects, and More

 Cephalexin (ZYD) (Cefalexin) Brand name:-  Cephacillin 250,500mg cap; Sporidex, Alcephin,Cephaxin cap. Cephalexin (also called Cefalexin)  is the most common used orally effective first generation cephalosporin , similar in spectrum to cefazolin , but less active against penicillinase producing staphylococci and H. Influenza. Plasma protein binding is low; it attains High concentration in bile and is excreted unchanged in urine; t½ - 60min. Pharmacodynamic:-  Cephalexin (also called Cefalexin) is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics, often used for the treatment of superficial infections that result as complications of minor wounds or lacerations.Label It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria through its inihibition of the cross linking reaction between N-acetyl muramicacid and N-acetylglucosamine in the cell wall, leading to cell lysis. Pharmacokinetics:- Cephalexin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from t
Post a Comment
Read more

BASILIXIMAB Uses, Side Effects, and More

 BASILIXIMAB BRAND NAME:- Simulect   BASILIXIMAB is another anti CD - 25 antibody with higher affinity for the IL-2 receptor, but shorter plasma t½ (1 week) . is a monoclonal antibody used to prevent rejection in kidney transplants. It is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells. It is used in combination with other medicines used to prevent organ rejection. PHARMACODYNAMIC:- Basiliximab functions as an IL-2 receptor antagonist. Specifically it inhibits IL-2-mediated activation of lymphocytes, a critical pathway in the cellular immune response involved in allograft rejection.  MECHANISM OF ACTION:-  Basiliximab competes with IL-2 to bind to the alpha chain subunit of the IL2 receptor on the surface of the activated T lymphocytes and thus prevents the receptor from signaling. This prevents T cells from replicating and also from activating B cells, which are responsible for the production of antibodies, which would bind to the trans
1 comment
Read more