Skip to main content

Clavulanic acid used, Side effects, Dose, & more

 Clavulanic acid

Brand name:- Agumentine, Amoxyclav, Clavam, Mahacef cv 625.

Clavulanic acid is a β- lactam drug that functions as a mechanism-based β -lactamase inhibitor. While not effective by itself as an antibiotic, when combined with penicillin-group antibiotics, it can overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria that secrete β -lactamase, which otherwise inactivates most penicillins. It is mostly used with amoxycillin combination.
Amoxycillin + Clavulanic Acid is a combination of two medicines: amoxycillin and Clavulanic Acid. Amoxycillin is an antibiotic. It works by preventing the formation of the bacterial protective covering which is essential for the survival of bacteria. Clavulanic Acid is a beta- lactamase inhibitor which reduces resistance and enhances the activity of amoxycillin against bacteria.

Pharmacodynamic:-

Clavulanic acid inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes that are produced by bacteria, therefore preventing enzymatic destruction of amoxicillin. This helps to treat a variety of bacterial infections which would otherwise be resistant to antibiotics without the addition of clavulanic acid.

 Pharmacokinetics:- 

Clavulanic acid has rapid oral absorption and a bioavailability of 60%; can also be injected. It's elimination t½ of 1 hour and tissue distribution matches amoxicillin, with which it is combined ( called coamoxiclav ). However, it is eliminated mainly by glomerular filtration and it's excretion is not affected by probenecid . Moreover, it is largely hydrolysed and decarboxylated before excretion, while amoxicillin is primarily excreted unchanged by tubular secretion.

Mechanism of action:- 


Clavulanic acid contains a beta-lactam ring in its structure that binds in an irreversible fashion to beta-lactamases, preventing them from inactivating certain beta-lactam antibiotics, with efficacy in treating susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative infections.

Used:- 

Used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is indicated for short-term treatment of bacterial infections of respiratory tract, genito- urinary tract, skin, bone, and tooth among others.

Side effects:- 

Vomiting, Nausea, Diarrhea, Mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Dose:-  AS DIRECTED BY YOUR DOCTOR.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

BOTULINUM TOXIN Uses, Side Effects, and More

 BOTULINUM TOXIN ( A or B ) BRAND NAME:- BOTOX ,DYSPORT  BOTULINUM TOXIN  A and B are highly potent exotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum that are responsible for ' botulism' ( a type of food poisoning). These neurotoxic proteins cause long- lasting loss of cholinergic transmission by interacting with axonal proteins involved in exocytotic release of Ach. Localized injection of minute quantity of botulinum toxin.  PHARMACODYNAMIC :- Botulinum toxin A inhibits the release of acetylcholine, relieving muscle contraction and spasm associated with many conditions, such as incontinence and dystonia. Cosmetically, botulinum toxin A paralyses muscles in the face to temporarily treat wrinkles. The maximum effects of muscle paralysis occur four to seven days after a dose.When injected at therapeutic doses, botulinum toxin A causes partial chemical denervation of muscle tissue, causing local reduction of muscle activity. Muscle atrophy may result, axonal sprouting may beg...

Clonazepam used, Side effects, Dose, & more

Clonazepam  Brand name:- Lonazepam , Clonapax , Rivotril 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg tab. Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine. It works by increasing the action of a chemical messenger (GABA) which suppresses the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain. Pharmacodynamic:- The pharmacodynamic properties of clonazepam are common among benzodiazepines and include anticonvulsive, sedative, muscle relaxing and anxiolytic effects . Animal data and electroencephalographic investigations in man have shown that clonazepam rapidly suppresses many types of paroxysmal activity including the spike and wave discharge in absence seizures (petit mal), slow spike wave, generalized spike wave, spikes with temporal or other locations, as well as irregular spikes and waves Label . Moreover, the agent can also decrease the frequency, amplitude, duration, and spread of discharge in minor motor seizures Label . Generalized EEG abnormalities are more readily suppressed by clonazepam than are focal ...

CLOMIPHENE CITRATE Uses, Side Effects, and More

 CLOMIPHENE CITRATE BRAND NAME:- CLOMIPHENE, FERTOMED, CLOFERT, CLOME 25,50,100mg tab.  Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which treats female infertility. It works by promoting the release of reproductive hormones. This helps stimulate the release of eggs from the ovary (ovulation). PHARMACODYANIMCS:- Clomifene (previously clomiphene) is an orally administered, non steroidal, ovulatory stimulant that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Clomifene can lead to multiple ovulation, and hence increase the risk of conceiving twins. In comparison to purified FSH, the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is low. There may be an increased risk of ovarian cancer and weight gain. Clomifene is capable of interacting with estrogen-receptor-containing tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, endometrium, vagina, and cervix. It may compete with estrogen for estrogen-receptor-binding sites and may delay replenishment of intracel...