Clavulanic acid used, Side effects, Dose, & more

Clavulanic acid

Brand name:- Agumentine, Amoxyclav, Clavam, Mahacef cv 625.

Clavulanic acid is a β- lactam drug that functions as a mechanism-based β -lactamase inhibitor. While not effective by itself as an antibiotic, when combined with penicillin-group antibiotics, it can overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria that secrete β -lactamase, which otherwise inactivates most penicillins. It is mostly used with amoxycillin combination.

Amoxycillin + Clavulanic Acid is a combination of two medicines: amoxycillin and Clavulanic Acid. Amoxycillin is an antibiotic. It works by preventing the formation of the bacterial protective covering which is essential for the survival of bacteria. Clavulanic Acid is a beta- lactamase inhibitor which reduces resistance and enhances the activity of amoxycillin against bacteria.

Pharmacodynamic:-

Clavulanic acid inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes that are produced by bacteria, therefore preventing enzymatic destruction of amoxicillin. This helps to treat a variety of bacterial infections which would otherwise be resistant to antibiotics without the addition of clavulanic acid.

Pharmacokinetics:-

Clavulanic acid has rapid oral absorption and a bioavailability of 60%; can also be injected. It's elimination t½ of 1 hour and tissue distribution matches amoxicillin, with which it is combined ( called coamoxiclav ). However, it is eliminated mainly by glomerular filtration and it's excretion is not affected by probenecid . Moreover, it is largely hydrolysed and decarboxylated before excretion, while amoxicillin is primarily excreted unchanged by tubular secretion.

Mechanism of action:-

Clavulanic acid contains a beta-lactam ring in its structure that binds in an irreversible fashion to beta-lactamases, preventing them from inactivating certain beta-lactam antibiotics, with efficacy in treating susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative infections.

Used:-

Used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is indicated for short-term treatment of bacterial infections of respiratory tract, genito- urinary tract, skin, bone, and tooth among others.

Side effects:-

Vomiting, Nausea, Diarrhea, Mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Dose:- AS DIRECTED BY YOUR DOCTOR.

Chlorthalidone Uses, Side Effects, and More....

Chlorthalidone Brand name:- Hythalton 50,100mg , Hydrazide, Thalizide ( 12.5, 25) . Chlorthalidone is a diuretic which lowers blood pressure by removing extra water and certain electrolytes from the body. Over time it also relaxes blood vessels and improves blood flow. Pharmacodynamic:- Not 🚫 available. Pharmacokinetics:- Chlortalidone is slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral ingestion. It has a long half-life and therefore a prolonged diuretic action, which results in continued diuretic effects despite a skipped dose. This prolonged action of chlortalidone despite missing doses may account for the higher efficacy of chlortalidone compared to the shorter half-life medication, hydrochlorothiazide. Chlortalidone is eliminated from the body mostly by the kidney, as unchanged drug. Thus, in persons with diminished kidney function, the clearance of chlortalidone is reduced and the elimination half-life is increased. As with other thiazide diuretics, ch...

Chlordiazepoxide Uses, Side Effects, and More

Chlordiazepoxide Brand name:- Librium 10, 25 mg tabs; Equilibrium 10mg tab. Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine. It works by increasing the action of a chemical messenger (GABA) which suppresses the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain. Pharmacodynamic:- Chlordiazepoxide has antianxiety, sedative, appetite-stimulating and weak analgesic actions. The drug seems to block EEG arousal from stimulation in the brain stem reticular formation. The drug has been studied extensively in many species of animals and these studies are suggestive of action on the limbic system of the brain, which recent evidence indicates is involved in emotional responses. Hostile monkeys were made tame by oral drug doses which did not cause sedation. Chlordiazepoxide revealed a "taming" action with the elimination of fear and aggression. The taming effect of chlordiazepoxide was further demonstrated in rats made vicious by lesions in the septal area of the brain. The drug dos...

webmedi.blogspot.com

Search This Blog