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 Cetuximab Brand name:- Erbitux , Lupitux  Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to receptors on cancer cells. Thus it flags the cancer cells for destruction by the body's immune system. Pharmacodynamic:- Cetuximab is an anticancer agent that works by inhibiting the growth and survival of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing tumour cells with high specificity and higher affinity than epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), which are natural ligands of EGFR. Cetuximab works by inhibiting the growth and survival of EGFR-positive tumours. In vitro, it promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against certain human tumour types. On the contrary, cetuximab does not exert its anti-tumour effects on human tumour xenografts lacking EGFR expression. Cetuximab potentiates the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy when used in combination. In human tumour xenograft models in mice,...

 Centchroman ( Ormeloxifene) Brand name:- Centron 30mg tab, Saheli 60mg tab. Centchroman is a birth control pill. It acts by preventing the implantation of the fertilized ovum to the womb (uterus). Pharmacodynamic:- Centchroman (Ormeloxifene) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) with contraceptive activity. Also, it has been suggested that it may be beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer, osteoporosis, dermatitis, restenosis, endometriosis and uterine fibroids.  Pharmacology:- Centchroman ( ormeloxifene) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). In some parts of the body, its action is estrogenic (e.g., bones), in other parts of the body, its action is antiestrogenic (e.g., uterus, breasts). It causes an asynchrony in the menstrual cycle between ovulation and the development of the uterine lining, although its exact mode of action is not well defined. In clinical trials, it caused ovulation to occur later than it normally would in some women, but d...

 Celiprolol Brand name:- Celipres 100, 200mg tab. Celiprolol is a beta blocker that works specifically on the heart. It works by slowing down the heart rate and makes the heart more efficient at pumping blood around the body. Pharmacodynamic:-  In animals, the β-adrenoceptor blocking activity of celiprolol is more potent than that of sotalol and practolol, and about equipotent with that of propranolol but in man it is about 4 times less potent than atenolol. However, dose-ranging studies employing a range of doses in the same subjects have not been reported and it is possible that celiprolol’s potency has been underestimated. β-Blockade following a single oral dose of 400mg in man can be detected at 24 hours and once-daily dosing is effective in hypertension and angina. Using the standard animal models celiprolol is more selective for the β1- than the β2-adrenoceptor, and in patients with angina the reduction in blood pressure following exercise was larger after treatment with...

 Celecoxib  Brand name:- Celact, Revibra , Colcibra 100, 200mg caps Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) called COX-2 inhibitors. It works by blocking the release of certain chemical messengers that are responsible for pain and inflammation (redness and swelling). Pharmacodynamic:-  Celecoxib inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme, reducing pain and inflammation. It is important to note that though the risk of bleeding with celecoxib is lower than with certain other NSAIDS, it exists nonetheless and caution must be observed when it is administered to those with a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. A note on the risk of cardiovascular events Significant concerns regarding the safety of COX-2 selective NSAIDs emerged in the early 2000s. Rofecoxib, another member of the COX-2 inhibitor drug class, also known as Vioxx, was withdrawn from the market due to prothrombotic cardiovascular risks.Following an FDA Advisory Committee meeting in 2005, in w...

 Cefuroxime 

 Ceftizoxime 

 Ceftibuten Brand name:- PROCADAX 400mg cap. , 90mg/5 ml powder for oral suspension. Ceftibuten is an antibiotic. It kills the bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive. Pharmacodynamic:-  Ceftibuten is an antibiotic with bactericidal actions. Mechanism of action:- Ceftibuten is an antibiotic with bactericidal actions. Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacterial cell wall. This binding leads to inhibition of cell-wall synthesis.    Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested. ...

 Cefprozil Brand name:-  ORPROZIL , ZEMETRIL 250, 500mg tab, Refzil 250,500mg. Cefprozil is an antibiotic. It kills the bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive. Pharmacodynamic:- Cefprozil, a semisynthetic, second-generation cephalosporin, is used to treat otitis media, soft-tissue infections, and respiratory tract infections.  Mechanism of action:-  Cefazolin inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins which stops peptidoglycan synthesis. Penicillin-binding proteins are bacterial proteins that help to catalyze the last stages of peptidoglycan synthesis, which is needed to maintain the cell wall. Used:-  Used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as bronchitis (infection of the airway tubes leading to the lungs); and infections of the skin, ears, sinuses, throat, and tonsils ,. Side effects:-  Nausea, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Dizziness, Ab...

 Cefpodoxime proxetil Brand name:- cefoprox ,cepodem,DOXCEF 100,200mg cap.  Cefpodoxime Proxetil is an antibiotic. It kills the bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive. Pharmacodynamic:-  Cefpodoxime is shown to be effective against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Mechanism of action:-  Cefpodoxime is active against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefpodoxime is stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, due to their production of beta-lactamase, may be susceptible to cefpodoxime. Cefpodoxime is inactivated by certain extended spectrum beta-lactamases. The bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime results from its inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The active metabolite of cefpodoxime binds preferen...

 Cefpirome Brand name:- cefrome, ceforth 1g inj. Bacirom, cefor 0.25 ,0.5, 1.0g inj. Cefpirome is an antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive. Pharmacodynamic:- Not 🚫 available   MECHANISM OF ACTION:-  Not 🚫 available  Used:-  Cefpirome is used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is used for short-term treatment of bacterial infections of urinary tract, skin and soft-tissue, blood, abdomen, genital and lungs (pneumonia). It is also used to prevent infections after surgery. SIDE EFFECTS:-   Rash, Itching, Nausea, Vomiting, Headache, Fever, Diarrhea. DOSE:- 1-2 g i.m / i.v 12 hourly.