Skip to main content

Chloramphenicol Uses, Side Effects, and More

 Chloramphenicol

Brand name:- Chloromycetin,Enteromycetin,Paraxin 250,500mg cap. 

Chloramphenicol was initially obtained from streptomyces venezuelae in 1947 . It was soon synthesized chemically and the commercial product now is all synthetic.
It is a yellowish white crystalline solid, aqueous solution is quite stable, stands boiling, but needs protection from light. The nitrobenzene moiety of chloramphenicol is probably responsible for the antibacterial activity as well as its intensely bitter taste.

Mechanicsm of action:-

Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with 'transfer' of the elongating peptide chain to the newly attached aminoacyl-tRNA at the ribosome- mRNA complex. It specifically attaches to the 50S ribosome near the acceptor (A) site and prevents peptide bond formation between the newly attached aminoacid and the nascent peptide chain without interfering with the aminoacyl-tRNA attachment to the 30S ribosome (the step blocked by tetracycline). 
 At high doses, it can inhibit mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis as well. Bone marrow cells are especially susceptible.

 Pharmacokinetics:- 

Chloramphenicol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral ingestion. It is 50-60%  bound to plasma proteins and very widely distributed: volume of distribution 1 L/kg . It freely penetrates serous cavities and blood - brain barrier: CSF concentration is nearly equal to that of unbound drug in plasma. It crosses placenta and is secreted in bile and milk. 
 Chloramphenicol is primarily conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver and little is excreted unchanged in urine. Cirrhotics and neonates, who have low conjugating ability, require lower doses. The metabolite is excreted mainly in urine. Plasma t½ of chloramphenicol is 3-5 hours in adult. It is increased only marginally in renal failure: dose need not be modified.


Pharmacodynamic:- 

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that was derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae and is now produced synthetically. Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms, but due to serious side-effects (e.g., damage to the bone marrow, including aplastic anemia) in humans, it is usually reserved for the treatment of serious and life-threatening infections (e.g., typhoid fever). Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or when used against highly susceptible organisms. Chloramphenicol stops bacterial growth by binding to the bacterial ribosome (blocking peptidyl transferase) and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Used:- 

used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It is used to treat certain types of serious infections caused by bacteria when other antibiotics cannot be used.

side effects:- 

Temporary blurred vision, burning, stinging, or redness may occur. 

Dose:-  AS directed by your doctor.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE Uses, Side Effects, and More

 BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE Brand name:- Bendrofulazide, Aprinox. BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE is a type of medicine called a diuretic. It's used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and the build-up of fluid in your body (oedema). Diuretics are sometimes called "water tablets" because they make you pee more. This helps get rid of extra fluid in your body. Bendroflumethiazide is only available on prescription. It usually comes as tablets. It can also come as a liquid you swallow, but this has to be specially ordered.  PHARMACODYNAMIC:-  Bendroflumethiazide, a thiazide diuretic, removes excess water from the body by increasing how often you urinate (pass water) and also widens the blood vessels which helps to reduce blood pressure. It inhibits Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessari...
Post a Comment
Read more

CLOMIPHENE CITRATE Uses, Side Effects, and More

 CLOMIPHENE CITRATE BRAND NAME:- CLOMIPHENE, FERTOMED, CLOFERT, CLOME 25,50,100mg tab.  Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which treats female infertility. It works by promoting the release of reproductive hormones. This helps stimulate the release of eggs from the ovary (ovulation). PHARMACODYANIMCS:- Clomifene (previously clomiphene) is an orally administered, non steroidal, ovulatory stimulant that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Clomifene can lead to multiple ovulation, and hence increase the risk of conceiving twins. In comparison to purified FSH, the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is low. There may be an increased risk of ovarian cancer and weight gain. Clomifene is capable of interacting with estrogen-receptor-containing tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, endometrium, vagina, and cervix. It may compete with estrogen for estrogen-receptor-binding sites and may delay replenishment of intracel...
Post a Comment
Read more

Citalopram used, Side effects, Dose, & more

 Citalopram Brand name:- Citola ,Palocit, Olarc , C-pram, lopram , Celexa . Citalopram is one of a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs. It is thought to be work by enhancing the level of mood-enhancing neurotransmitters called serotonin in the brain. This may help you to improve your energy level and feelings of well-being. Pharmacodynamic:- Citalopram belongs to a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It has been found to relieve or manage symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder among other mood disorders. The antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and other actions of citalopram are linked to its inhibition of CNS central uptake of serotonin.Serotonergic abnormalities have been reported in patients with mood disorders. Behavioral and neuropsychological effects of serotonin include the regulation of mood, perception, reward, anger, aggression, appetite, mem...
Post a Comment
Read more