Cetirizine Uses, Side Effects, and More

Cetirizine

Brand name:- Alerid,cetzine,zirtin,sizon 10mg tab 5mg/5ml syr.

Cetirizine is an antihistaminic medication. It treats allergy symptoms such as itching, swelling, and rashes by blocking the effects of a chemical messenger (histamine) in the body.

Mechanism of action:-

Cetirizine is a fast-acting, highly selective antagonist of the peripheral histamine H1 receptor. The H1-receptors inhibited by cetirizine are primarily on respiratory smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, immune cells, and the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and doxylamine, cetirizine does not cross the blood-brain barrier to a large extent, avoiding the neurons of the central nervous system. As a result, cetirizine produces minimal sedation compared to many first-generation antihistamines.

Given its antagonism with histamine H1-receptors, cetirizine effectively reverses many of the effects of histamine. Like other second-generation antihistamines, cetirizine decreases vascular permeability, decreasing fluid escaping to tissues from capillaries. Cetirizine is also an inhibitor of histamine-induced bronchospasm.

Cetirizine has been found to exert significant anti-inflammatory activity, reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the setting of allergic rhinitis. Specifically, research has found that cetirizine minimizes the migration of neutrophils and eosinophils.

Pharmacodynamic:-

•General effects and respiratory effects

Cetirizine, the active metabolite of the piperazine H1-receptor antagonist hydroxyzine, minimizes or eliminates the symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria, perennial allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, physical urticaria, and atopic dermatitis. The clinical efficacy of cetirizine for allergic respiratory diseases has been well established in numerous trials Label.

•Effects on urticaria/anti-inflammatory effects

It has anti-inflammatory properties that may play a role in asthma management 1. There is evidence that cetirizine improves symptoms of urticaria. Marked clinical inhibition of a wheal and flare response occurs in infants, children as well as adults within 20 minutes of one oral dose and lasts for 24 h . Concomitant use of cetirizine reduces the duration and dose of topical anti-inflammatory formulas used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis .

Pharmacokinetics:-

•Absorption: Cetirizine is absorbed rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes substantial excretion by the kidney. Cetirizine reaches peak plasma concentration after approximately one hour. Its effects typically begin after 20 to 60 minutes and persist for at least 24 hours. Food does not affect the extent of exposure (AUC) of cetirizine, but the time to attain peak concentration is delayed by 1.7 hours.

•Distribution: The mean plasma protein binding of cetirizine is 93%.

•Metabolism: Cetirizine undergoes oxidative O-dealkylation to a metabolite with negligible antihistaminic activity. Cetirizine is not a substrate of the CYP450 system. Evidence indicates that cetirizine is a P-glycoprotein substrate, which should be considered in the concurrent use of cetirizine with P-gp inhibitors.

•Excretion: The elimination half-life of cetirizine is 8.3 hours. Cetirizine is primarily excreted through the kidney.

Uses:-

Cetirizine is used to treat cold or allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, or runny nose.

side effects:-

Sleepiness, Fatigue, Vomiting, Dryness in mouth, Headache, Constipation.

Dose:- As Directed by your doctor.

Cefpodoxime proxetil Uses, Side Effects, and More

Cefpodoxime proxetil Brand name:- cefoprox ,cepodem,DOXCEF 100,200mg cap. Cefpodoxime Proxetil is an antibiotic. It kills the bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive. Pharmacodynamic:- Cefpodoxime is shown to be effective against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Mechanism of action:- Cefpodoxime is active against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefpodoxime is stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, due to their production of beta-lactamase, may be susceptible to cefpodoxime. Cefpodoxime is inactivated by certain extended spectrum beta-lactamases. The bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime results from its inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The active metabolite of cefpodoxime binds preferentially to penicilli

Cephalexin ( ZYD ) ( Cefalexin ) Uses, Side Effects, and More

Cephalexin (ZYD) (Cefalexin) Brand name:- Cephacillin 250,500mg cap; Sporidex, Alcephin,Cephaxin cap. Cephalexin (also called Cefalexin) is the most common used orally effective first generation cephalosporin , similar in spectrum to cefazolin , but less active against penicillinase producing staphylococci and H. Influenza. Plasma protein binding is low; it attains High concentration in bile and is excreted unchanged in urine; t½ - 60min. Pharmacodynamic:- Cephalexin (also called Cefalexin) is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics, often used for the treatment of superficial infections that result as complications of minor wounds or lacerations.Label It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria through its inihibition of the cross linking reaction between N-acetyl muramicacid and N-acetylglucosamine in the cell wall, leading to cell lysis. Pharmacokinetics:- Cephalexin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from t

BASILIXIMAB Uses, Side Effects, and More

BASILIXIMAB BRAND NAME:- Simulect BASILIXIMAB is another anti CD - 25 antibody with higher affinity for the IL-2 receptor, but shorter plasma t½ (1 week) . is a monoclonal antibody used to prevent rejection in kidney transplants. It is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells. It is used in combination with other medicines used to prevent organ rejection. PHARMACODYNAMIC:- Basiliximab functions as an IL-2 receptor antagonist. Specifically it inhibits IL-2-mediated activation of lymphocytes, a critical pathway in the cellular immune response involved in allograft rejection. MECHANISM OF ACTION:- Basiliximab competes with IL-2 to bind to the alpha chain subunit of the IL2 receptor on the surface of the activated T lymphocytes and thus prevents the receptor from signaling. This prevents T cells from replicating and also from activating B cells, which are responsible for the production of antibodies, which would bind to the trans

webmedi

Search This Blog