Ceftazidime Uses, Side Effects, and More

 Ceftazidime 

Brand name:- Fortum, cefazid, Orzid 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g per vial inj.

Ceftazidime is most prominent feature of this third generation cephalosporin is its high activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa , and the specific indication are - febrile neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies, burn,etc. It's activity against Enterobacteriaceae is similar to that of ceftriaxone,but it is less active on staph.aureus, other gram positive cocci and anaerobes like Bact. Fragilis. It's plasma t½ is 1.5- 1.8 hr.

Neutropenia , thrombocytopenia, rise in plasma transaminases and blood urea have been reported.

Pharmacodynamic:- 

The time that unbound plasma concentrations of ceftazidime exceed the Avycaz minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the infecting organism best correlates with efficacy in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model with Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The time above the threshold concentration best predicts the efficacy of avibactam in in vitro and in vivo non clinical models.

Pharmacokinetics:-

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime and avibactam were similar for single- and multiple-dose administration of Avycaz and were similar to those determined when ceftazidime or avibactam were administered alone.

The peak concentration and area under the curve of ceftazidime increase in proportion to the dose. Avibactam demonstrated approximately linear pharmacokinetics across the dose range studied (50 mg to 2,000 mg) for single IV administration. No appreciable accumulation of ceftazidime or avibactam was observed following multiple Avycaz 2.5-g IV infusions administered every eight hours for up to 11 days in healthy adults with normal renal function.

Mechanism of action:- 

Third-generation cephalosporins differ from earlier generations in the presence of a C=N-OCH3 group in their chemical structure (cefuroxime & cefuzonam also bear this functional group but are only listed as class II). This group provides improved stability against certain beta-lactamase enzymes produced by Gram-negative bacteria. These bacterial enzymes rapidly destroy earlier-generation cephalosporins by breaking open the drug's beta-lactam chemical ring, leading to antibiotic resistance. Though initially active against these bacteria, with widespread use of third-generation cephalosporins, some Gram-negative bacteria that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are even able to inactivate the third-generation cephalosporins. Infections caused by ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria are of particular concern in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.

Used:- 

Used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.

Side effects:- 

Swelling, redness, or pain ,Fever, Hypersensitivity, Injection site inflammation, Inflammation of vein, Abdominal pain at the injection site may occur.

Dose :- 0.5 -2 g i.m . Or i.v. every 8 hr , children 30mg/kg/day. Resistant typhoid 30mg/kg/day.