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AMPICILLIN

 AMPICILLIN


BRAND NAME:-AMPICLIN,ROSCILLIN,BIOCILIN 250mg cap; 125,250mg/5ml dry syr; 100mg/ ml pediatric drops ; 250,500mg and 1.0 g per vial inj.



AMPICILLIN is a extended spectrum penicillins of Aminopenicillins group drug .

It is active against all organisms sensitive to PnG . In addition,many gram-negative bacilli,e g H. Influenzae, E.coli, Proteus salmonella Shigella and Helicobacter pylori are inhibited. However,due to wide- spread use ,many of these have developed resistance ; usefulness of the antibiotics has decreased considerably.

AMPICILLIN is more active than PnG for Strep. Viridans , enterococci and Listeria ; equally active for pneumococci , gonococci and meningococci ( penicillin - resistant strains are resistant to ampicillin as well); but less active against other gram- postive cocci. Penicillinase producing Staph. are not affected, as are other gram-negative bacilli,such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, indole positive Proteus and anaerobes like Bacteroides fragilis.


PHARMACOKINETICS:-

Ampicillin is not degraded by gastric acid; oral absorption is incomplete but adequate. Food interferes with absorption. It is partly excreted in bile and reabsorbed- enterohepatic circulation occurs. However, primarily channel of excretion is kidney,but tubular secretion is slower than for PnG ; plasma t½ is 1 hr.


USED:-urinary track infection, Respiratory tract infection, meningitis, Gonorrhoea, Typhoid fever, Bacillary dysentery, cholecystitis , subacute bacterial endocarditis,H.pylori: , Septicaemia and mixed infection, ANUG.


ADVERSE EFFECTS:- Diarrhoea is frequent after oral administration. AMPICILLIN is incompletely absorbed - the unabsorbed drug irritates the lower intestine as well t causes marked alterations of bacterial flora.

It produces a high incidence (up to 10%) of rashes, especially in patients with AIDS,EB virus infection or lymphomatic leukaemia. Concurrent administration of Allopurinol also increase the incidence of rashes. Sometimes the rashes may not be allergic,but toxic in nature.

Patients with a history of immediate type of hypersensitivity to PnG should not be given ampicillin as well.


INTERACTION:- 

Hydrocortisone inactivates ampicillin if mixed in the i.v. solution.

By inhibiting colonics flora ,it may interfere with deconjugation and enterohepatic cycling of oral contraceptive -- failure of oral contraception . Probenecid retards renal excretion of ampicillin.


DOSE:-

0.5-2g oral/i.m./i.v. depending on severity of infection, every 6hours; children 50-100mg/kg/day.




:In national of essential medicine (2011), INDIA(I)


: including in WHO model list of essential medicine March 2011(WHO)




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