Skip to main content

ACARBOSE

ACARBOSE


BRAND NAME:- GLUCOBAY 50,100mg tabs ,ASUCROSE, GLUCAR  50mg tabs.



ACARBOSE is a miscellaneous antidiabetic ,class of alpha -Glucosidase inhibitors drug. 

ACARBOSE is a mild antihyperglycaemic and not a hypoglycaemic .


PHARMACOLOGICAL & MECHANISM OF ACTION:- It is a complex oligosaccharide which reversibly inhibits alpha- glucosidases, the final enzyme for the digestion of carbohydrates in the brush border of small intestine mucosa . It slows down and decrease digestion and absorption of polysaccharides (strach,etc.) and sucrose. In addition,GLP-1 release is promoted which may contribute to the effect. Postprandial glycaemia is reduced without significant increase in insulin levels. Regular use lowers HbA1c modestly (by 0.4-0.8%) ,but change in body weight and lipid level is minimal. The stop- NIDDM trail (2002) has shown that long- trem ACARBOSE treatment in prediabetics reduced occurance of type 2DM as well as hypertension and cardiac disease. In diabetics,it reduced cardiovascular events.



USED:- as an adjuvant to diet (with or without metformin /SU) in obese Diabetics.

Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Acarbose works in your intestines to slow the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates from foods that you eat. This effect helps lessen your blood sugar rise after a meal.

treatment of type 2 Diabetics.


DOSE:- 50-100mg TDS is taken at the beginning of each major meal .


ABSORPTION:- only a small fraction of the dose is absorbed.


SIDE EFFECTS:- Flatulence, abdominal discomfort and loose stool are produced in about 50% patients due to fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates. Patient acceptability of alpha -Glucosidase inhibitors is poor due to uncomfortable g.i. symptoms. Hepatic transaminase may rise , but liver damage is rare.


Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Cefpodoxime proxetil Uses, Side Effects, and More

 Cefpodoxime proxetil Brand name:- cefoprox ,cepodem,DOXCEF 100,200mg cap.  Cefpodoxime Proxetil is an antibiotic. It kills the bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive. Pharmacodynamic:-  Cefpodoxime is shown to be effective against most Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Mechanism of action:-  Cefpodoxime is active against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefpodoxime is stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, due to their production of beta-lactamase, may be susceptible to cefpodoxime. Cefpodoxime is inactivated by certain extended spectrum beta-lactamases. The bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime results from its inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The active metabolite of cefpodoxime binds preferentially to penicilli
Post a Comment
Read more

Cephalexin ( ZYD ) ( Cefalexin ) Uses, Side Effects, and More

 Cephalexin (ZYD) (Cefalexin) Brand name:-  Cephacillin 250,500mg cap; Sporidex, Alcephin,Cephaxin cap. Cephalexin (also called Cefalexin)  is the most common used orally effective first generation cephalosporin , similar in spectrum to cefazolin , but less active against penicillinase producing staphylococci and H. Influenza. Plasma protein binding is low; it attains High concentration in bile and is excreted unchanged in urine; t½ - 60min. Pharmacodynamic:-  Cephalexin (also called Cefalexin) is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics, often used for the treatment of superficial infections that result as complications of minor wounds or lacerations.Label It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria through its inihibition of the cross linking reaction between N-acetyl muramicacid and N-acetylglucosamine in the cell wall, leading to cell lysis. Pharmacokinetics:- Cephalexin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from t
Post a Comment
Read more

BASILIXIMAB Uses, Side Effects, and More

 BASILIXIMAB BRAND NAME:- Simulect   BASILIXIMAB is another anti CD - 25 antibody with higher affinity for the IL-2 receptor, but shorter plasma t½ (1 week) . is a monoclonal antibody used to prevent rejection in kidney transplants. It is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells. It is used in combination with other medicines used to prevent organ rejection. PHARMACODYNAMIC:- Basiliximab functions as an IL-2 receptor antagonist. Specifically it inhibits IL-2-mediated activation of lymphocytes, a critical pathway in the cellular immune response involved in allograft rejection.  MECHANISM OF ACTION:-  Basiliximab competes with IL-2 to bind to the alpha chain subunit of the IL2 receptor on the surface of the activated T lymphocytes and thus prevents the receptor from signaling. This prevents T cells from replicating and also from activating B cells, which are responsible for the production of antibodies, which would bind to the trans
1 comment
Read more