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 Cholestyramine Brand name:- Choltran , Clostran.  Cholestyramine is a bile acid binding agent. It removes bile acids from the body. The liver then produce more bile acids using cholesterol, as a result, the levels of cholesterol in the body is lowered. Pharmacodynamic:-  Cholesterol is probably the sole precursor of bile acids. During normal digestion, bile acids are secreted into the intestines. A major portion of the bile acids is absorbed from the intestinal tract and returned to the liver via the enterohepatic circulation. Only very small amounts of bile acids are found in normal serum. Cholestyramine resin adsorbs and combines with the bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex which is excreted in the feces. This results in a partial removal of bile acids from the enterohepatic circulation by preventing their absorption. Mechanism of action:- Cholestyramine forms a resin that acts as a bile acid sequestrant to limit the reabsorption of bile acids in t...

Cholecalciferol ( vit D³) Brand name:-  Arachitol 300000 IU ( 7.5 mg) & 600000 IU ( 15mg) per ml inj. , Calcirol , Calcibest sachets 60000 IU in 1 g granules.  Vitamin D3 is a form of vitamin D. It raises vitamin D levels in your blood. This in turn raises calcium levels in your blood by helping you absorb more calcium from food. Pharmacodynamic:- The in vivo synthesis of the predominant two biologically active metabolites of vitamin D occurs in two steps. The first hydroxylation of vitamin D³ cholecalciferol (or D2) occurs in the liver to yield 25 -hydroxyvitamin D while the second hydroxylation happens in the kidneys to give 1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D . These vitamin D metabolites subsequently facilitate the active absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine, serving to increase serum calcium and phosphate levels sufficiently to allow bone mineralization . Conversely, these vitamin D metabolites also assist in mobilizing calcium and phosphate from bone and...

 Chlorzoxazone  Brand name:- Flexon Mr 250mg + ibuprofen 400mg + paracetamol 325mg tab; Ultrazox 250mg + diclofenac 50mg + paracetamol 325mg tab; Mobizox. Chlorzoxazone is a muscle relaxant. It works on the centres in the brain and spinal cord to relieve muscle stiffness or spasm without reduction in strength. This improves pain and movement of muscles. Pharmacodynamic:- Chlorzoxazone is a centrally-acting agent for painful musculoskeletal conditions. Data available from animal experiments as well as human study indicate that chlorzoxazone acts primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain where it inhibits multi synaptic reflex a.c. involved in producing and maintaining skeletal muscle spasm of varied etiology. The clinical result is a reduction of the skeletal muscle spasm with relief of pain and increased mobility of the involved muscles.  Mechanism of action:-  Chlorzoxazone inhibits degranulation of mast cells, subsequently prevent...

 Chlorthalidone  Brand name:- Hythalton 50,100mg , Hydrazide, Thalizide ( 12.5, 25) . Chlorthalidone is a diuretic which lowers blood pressure by removing extra water and certain electrolytes from the body. Over time it also relaxes blood vessels and improves blood flow. Pharmacodynamic:- Not 🚫 available.  Pharmacokinetics:- Chlortalidone is slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral ingestion. It has a long half-life and therefore a prolonged diuretic action, which results in continued diuretic effects despite a skipped dose. This prolonged action of chlortalidone despite missing doses may account for the higher efficacy of chlortalidone compared to the shorter half-life medication, hydrochlorothiazide. Chlortalidone is eliminated from the body mostly by the kidney, as unchanged drug. Thus, in persons with diminished kidney function, the clearance of chlortalidone is reduced and the elimination half-life is increased. As with other thiazide diuretics, ch...